CMPT 480/840 Accessible Computing

Jargon related to Accessible Design

Terms focusing on design and development

1. Inclusive Design: focuses on people from diverse populations

• "Inclusive design is design that is inclusive of the full range of human diversity with respect to ability, language, culture, gender, age and other forms of human difference." 
• http://inclusivedesign.ca/about/
• "Inclusive design applies an understanding of customer diversity to the design of mainstream products to better satisfy the needs of more people." 
• http://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/
• "making environments and products more usable, safer and healthier in response to the needs of an increasingly diverse population."
• http://www.ap.buffalo.edu/idea/

2. Universal Design: focuses on including people with disabilities

• "Universal design refers to broad-spectrum ideas meant to produce buildings, products and environments that are inherently accessible to both people without disabilities and people with disabilities. ...Universal design emerged from slightly earlier barrier-free concepts"
•  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_design
• "Universal design strives to integrate people with disabilities into the mainstream." 
• http://design-dev.ncsu.edu/openjournal/index.php/redlab/article/viewFile/102/56

3. Design for All (Design 4 All): focuses on people and products

• "Design for All is the intervention on environments, products and services with the aim that everyone, including future generations, regardless of age, gender, capabilities or cultural background, can enjoy participating in the construction of our society, with equal opportunities participating in economic, social, cultural, recreational and entertainment activities while also being able to access, use and understand whatever part of the environment with as much independence as possible."
• http://www.designforall.org/en/dfa/dfa.php
• "Design for All is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaption or specialized design."
• http://www.ictsb.org/activities/Design_for_All/index.htm
• "Design for All (DfA) embraces the idea that it is perfectly possible to produce ICT goods which can be accessed by nearly all potential users without modification or, failing that, products should be easy to adapt according to different needs, or should use standardised interfaces that can be accessed simply by using assistive technology."
• http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/einclusion/policy/accessibility/dfa/index_en.htm

4. Barrier-free Design: focuses on removing physical barriers that are expereinced by persons with disabilities

• "Barrier-Free means that a building and its facilities can be approached, entered and used by persons with physical or sensory disabilities."
• http://www.community.gov.yk.ca/pdf/bs_barrier_free_design.pdf

5. Accessible Design

• "Design focused on principles of extending standard design to persons with some type of performance limitation to maximize the number of potential customers who can readily use a product, building or service which may be achieved by
• designing products, systems, services, facilities and environments that are readily usable by most users without any modification.
• making products or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces), and
• having standardized interfaces to be compatible with special products for persons with
  disabilities.

Terms focusing on technologies

1. Assistive Technologies: add-ons uset to access systems

• "hardware or software that is added to or incorporated within a system that increases accessibility for an individual

  EXAMPLE           Braille displays, screen readers, screen magnification software and eye tracking devices are assistive technologies.
  [ISO 9241-171, definition 3.5]  
  NOTE 1       Assistive technology can be helpful to individuals with disabilities or other specialized needs.
  NOTE 2       Within this document, where Assistive Technology (and its abbreviation AT) is used, it is to be considered as both singular and plural, without distinction. If it is to be used in the singular only, it will be preceded by the article "an" (i.e. an Assistive Technology). If it is to be used in the plural only, it will be preceded by the adjective "multiple" (i.e. multiple AT)."

• ISO/IEC 13066-1
• "Assistive Technology = technical aid is any product, instrument, equipment or technical system used by a disabled person, especially produced or generally available, preventing, compensating, relieving or neutralizing the impairment, disability or handicap (Source: ISO 9999: 1998)"
• http://www.ictsb.org/activities/Design_for_All/index.htm
• ""Assistive technology" may specifically refer to new devices designed to assist with tasks."
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistive_technology
• "Assistive technology is technology used by individuals with disabilities in order to perform functions that might otherwise be difficult or impossible."
• http://www.washington.edu/accessit/articles?109

2. Individualization / Personalization: focuses on technologies that can be modified or can self-modify to meet differing needs

• (individualization) "modification of interaction and presentation of information to suit individual capabilities and needs of users"
• ISO 9241-129
  
• "Personalization involves using technology to accommodate the differences between individuals."
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalization

3. Adaptation / Adaptive: focuses on technologies that can self-modify to meet differing needs

4. Customization / Customized / (Adapted): focuses on technologies that can be modified (by the user or some other person) to meet differing needs

Terms focusing on outcomes

1. Universal Access / Access for All (Access 4 all): focuses on providing the technical ability for individuals to access technology

• "Today, Universal Access refers to the global requirement of coping with diversity in: (i) the characteristics of the target user population (including people with disabilities); (ii) the scope and nature of tasks; and (iii) the different contexts of use and the effects of their proliferation into business and social endeavours."
• Constantine Stephanidis, UAIS (2001) 1: 40–55

2. Universal Accessibility: focuses on providing usable solutions for individuals

3. User Interfaces for All (UI4All)

• was the name of a ERCIM Working Group  initiated in 1995

4. Information Society for All (IS4All)

• a concept discussed by Stephanidis